AND Operator

Require multiple conditions to all be true at once

Beginner 10 minANDfilteringlogic

AND: All Conditions Must Be True

AND combines multiple conditions in a WHERE clause and requires all of them to be true. If even one condition fails, the row is excluded from the result. Here's what makes AND essential:

AND narrows your results — Each additional AND makes the filter stricter. "Electronics" might return 5 rows, "Electronics AND price < 50" narrows it to 2, and adding "AND stock > 100" might narrow it down to just 1 result row.

Chain as many as needed — SQL lets you combine any number of AND conditions in a single query. The optimizer may reorder them for performance, but the logical result always stays identical regardless of order.

Precedence matters — AND binds tighter than OR. The expression A OR B AND C evaluates as A OR (B AND C) — not (A OR B) AND C. Always use parentheses to make your intent clear and avoid subtle logic bugs.

Knowledge Canvas

How AND Works

Both conditions must be true

AND narrows results — more conditions = fewer rows
All conditions must evaluate to TRUE for the row to appear
AND has higher precedence than OR
Chain as many AND conditions as needed

AND Gotchas

Subtle traps with AND

AND with NULL: TRUE AND NULL → NULL (row excluded)
Over-filtering: too many ANDs can return zero rows
Mixing AND and OR without parentheses changes meaning
WHERE a = 1 AND a = 2 always returns nothing

Rules to Remember

AND logic truth table

TRUE AND TRUE → TRUE
TRUE AND FALSE → FALSE
TRUE AND NULL → NULL (excluded)
FALSE AND NULL → FALSE

Common Patterns

How AND is used in practice

Date ranges: date >= '2024-01-01' AND date < '2025-01-01'
Multi-column filter: country = 'IN' AND status = 'active'
Null-safe: col IS NOT NULL AND col > 0
Combined with OR: (a OR b) AND c

Syntax

Syntax Template

1SELECT

2 columns

3FROM table

4WHERE condition1

5 AND condition2

6 AND condition3;

ANDALL conditions must be true

PrecedenceAND binds tighter than OR — use parentheses when mixing

Sample Data

products

10 rows

id	name	category	price	stock
P101	Wireless Mouse	Electronics	24.99	150
P102	Office Desk	Furniture	189	25
P103	LED Desk Lamp	Furniture	45.5	80
P104	USB-C Cable	Electronics	12.99	500
P105	Bluetooth Speaker	Electronics	79	60
P106	Office Chair	Furniture	95	15
P107	Coffee Maker	Appliances	89.99	40
P108	Notebook Set	Stationery	8.5	200
P109	Wireless Headphones	Electronics	159	30
P110	Standing Desk	Furniture	425	8

orders

12 rows

id	status	total
5001	delivered	59.98
5002	delivered	449
5003	shipped	12.5
5004	delivered	89.99
5005	pending	245
5006	delivered	159
5007	shipped	45.5
5008	cancelled	79
5009	delivered	425
5010	pending	18.99
5011	delivered	134
5012	cancelled	65.5

Worked Example

Find electronics that cost under 60 and have more than 100 units in stock.

SQL

1SELECT

2 name,

3 price,

4 stock

5FROM products

6WHERE category = 'Electronics'

7 AND price < 60

8 AND stock > 100;

Three conditions must ALL be true: the product must be in Electronics, priced under 60, and have stock exceeding 100. The Wireless Mouse (24.99, 150 stock) and USB-C Cable (12.99, 500 stock) satisfy all three. Bluetooth Speaker (79.00) fails the price check, and Wireless Headphones (159.00) fail it too.

Output

2 rows

name	price	stock
Wireless Mouse	24.99	150
USB-C Cable	12.99	500

Key Concepts

1Every additional AND makes the filter stricter

2AND has higher precedence than OR — parentheses prevent bugs

3The database may reorder ANDs for performance — same result either way

4No limit on how many ANDs you can chain

Pro Tip

Most real queries need multiple conditions. AND is how you say "rows that satisfy ALL of these criteria simultaneously."

When to Use

Delivered orders from last month, active users in a specific region, products that are both in-stock and on sale.

Challenge

Solve the problem below

Find all orders (from the orders table) with status 'delivered' and total greater than 50. Show id, status, and total.

Your Query

WHERE Clause

OR Operator